放牧牦牛采食量和几种消化生理指标的测定

在莎草科 +禾本科草地上对放牧条件下牦牛采食量和几种消化生理指标进行测定。结果表明 :牦牛的干物质消化率为 69 3 6%± 5 87% ,放牧牦牛日干物质采食量为 12 2 13g/kg·W0 75,大部分食糜在采食后 60小时左右排出 ,但完全排出要在 5天以后     

放牧率和放牧时期对绵羊排粪量、采食量和干物质消化率关系的影响

实验研究表明，绵羊在同一放牧时期，随着放牧率的增大，鲜粪量有所减少，粪中干物质含量有所增大，但只有处理1．33羊／hm2·138天与6．67羊／hm2·138天问存在显著性差异。在同一放牧率条件下，不同放牧时期相比，以8月份粪中干物质含量最低；在各种处理之间，放牧绵羊全天干粪量均无显著性的差异。在同一放牧时期，随着放牧率的增大日采食量显著减少，而同一放牧率不同放牧时期的日采食量保持相对稳定。粪便的干重与干物质采食量的关系很小，与干物质消化率呈负相关。放牧绵羊白天排粪量为晚上的2倍，但粪中干物质含量几乎没有差异，同时，不同放牧率和不同放牧时期对粪便的颜色和形状等均有较明显的影响。     

Effect of diet composition and slaughter weight on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition in veal calves

The effect of true milk use in the diet of Spanish Brown Swiss male calves on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acids composition was studied. In experiment 1, the effect of milk intake [ad libitum continuous (ADLIB) feed vs. restricted 0.7 during 75 days followed by ad libitum feed (RESTR)] and slaughter endpoint (225 kg vs. 5 month) were studied. In experiment 2, ad libitum concentrate feeding [grain-fed (GF)] was compared with milk supplementation until slaughter [milk-fed (MF)] in calves slaughtered at 345 kg. As regards to milk intake, carcass weight and degree of fatness were higher in the ADLIB group (P<0.05). The RESTR group revealed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the MF group exhibited a higher fat percentage (P<0.05), lower press and cooking losses (P<0.05), and higher scores for tenderness and juiciness (P<0.05) than the GF group. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher in the MF group (P<0.05). The results suggest that true milk use in veal production could be an advantageous alternative in terms on production costs, animal performance, and carcass and meat quality.     

四气门柴油机进气门出口流速的分布

对四气门柴油机在两个进气道单独和同时开启的情况下，利用热线风速仪测量进气门出口全圆周速度分布，并通过动量矩流率的计算，分析了两个进气道气流相互影响的变化规律及其主要影响因素。结果表明，在进气过程中，两个进气道之间的气流相互影响，造成了两进气门出口速度的再分配，进而导致了缸内气流绕气缸轴线动量矩流率的变化。动量矩流率的总量与两气道单独开启时相比有明显减少，这是两气道的组合涡流比小于单独气道涡流比的主要原因。两进气道之间的干扰程度与作用结果取决于气道本身的结构形状和相对位置。     

小缸径低旋流直喷式柴油机结构参数匹配

通过在ＳＤ１９５和ＳＤ２１００两种柴油机上应用低旋流进气直喷燃烧系统的试验研究，探讨了燃烧室结构参数和供油系统参数的优化匹配及其对柴油机燃烧性能的影响，对小缸径柴油机推广应用低旋流进气直喷燃烧系统提供了有意义的参考。     

进气道布置对两气门柴油机进气门口空气运动的影响

在稳流模拟试验台上，利用研制的柴油机试验缸盖、气门口三维流速测量装置，用热线风速仪测量了不同进气道布置方案下的进气门口三维流场，分析了进气门口三维流场产生的缸内空气动量矩流率，揭示了进气道的布置对柴油机进气门口空气运动影响的变化规律。进气道布置角度的变化对柴油机气门口流场及动量矩流率产生很大影响。各速度的大小和切向速度分布曲线发生较大变化，并随升程的增大而更加明显；对螺旋气道的动量矩流率影响较大，随升程的增加影响增大；对切向气道的动量矩流率影响更为明显，随着升程的增加影响减小。     

The effect of quality of grass and maize silage on the intake and performance of beef cattle

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of incorporating high (HMS) and low (LMS) maturity maize silages into diets based on low (LGS) and high (HGS) feed value grass silages offered to beef cattle. Seventy-two continental cross-bred steers were used in a 14-week continuous design, randomised block experiment. The six treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial design incorporating the LGS and HGS offered as the sole forage, along with each of the two grass silages offered in a 60:40 ratio (DM basis) with the HMS and LMS. All diets were supplemented with 3 kg/head/day concentrates. Total daily DM and metabolisable energy intakes were higher (P < 0.001) for diets based on HGS compared to those based on LGS. Intakes were similar (P > 0.05) between diets containing LMS and HMS, both of which were higher (P < 0.001) than diets containing grass silage as the sole forage. Highest DM intakes were recorded with a mixture of HGS and HMS (P < 0.05 or greater). Cattle offered diets containing HGS had higher live-weight gain (P < 0.05), final live weight, carcass gain and carcass weight (P < 0.001) than those offered diets containing LGS. Feed conversion efficiency, assessed on a carcass gain basis, was poorer (P < 0.05) with diets containing LGS compared with those containing HGS, though differences between diets containing either LMS or HMS and GS as the sole forage were not significant (P > 0.05).     

Voluntary acceptance and consumption of two oral ciclosporin formulations in dogs: two randomised,controlled studies

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common canine allergic skin disease and can significantly affect the quality of life of affected dogs. Treating canine AD with ciclosporin has been a subject of great interest in recent years. Many studies have provided substantial evidence of ciclosporin efficacy and safety in canine AD management, and for several years ciclosporin has been recognised as a major component of canine AD multimodal therapy. As a chronic condition, canine AD requires life-long medical management and treatment success relies in large part on product ease of administration. Two studies were conducted to assess the comparative voluntary acceptance and consumption of Cyclavance® (Virbac), a new oral liquid formulation of ciclosporin, and Atopica® (Novartis) either added to a small quantity of kibbles (study 1) or administered directly into the dog’s mouth (study 2).

Results

Over the course of the two studies 70 dogs assessed each of the ciclosporin formulations and 320 individual tests were performed for each tested product. Immediate prehension (in less than 2 seconds) occurred significantly more often with Cyclavance® (90.6% of the tests) than with Atopica® (14.4% of the tests) when products were mixed with 30 grams of dry food (p < 0.001). Moreover, Cyclavance® was significantly more often easily accepted than Atopica® (99.3% vs 27.1% of the tests, respectively) when products were administered directly into the dogs’ mouth (p < 0.0001). Cyclavance® was also more often totally consumed (98.3% of the tests) than Atopica® (2.2% of the tests) when mixed with a small amount of food (p < 0.001). However, both products were totally consumed once administered directly into the dogs’ mouth.

Conclusions

By facilitating cicloporin administration and consumption, Cyclavance® liquid formulation offers an interesting alternative to capsules that may improve dosing compliance and therefore the ability to benefit from the therapeutic effects in the long-term treatment of canine AD.     

水泵进水口临界淹没深度试验力学准则的研究

对影响进水口旋涡运动的主要因素进行了理论分析,研究了旋涡型式和Fr数的关系,确定了临界淹没深度试验所要求的力学准则,首次提出新的特征参数,得出了相应的临界淹没深度的计算公式。     

低压空气辅助缸内直喷汽油机进气道设计

以2.0L四气门进气道喷射汽油机为样机,设计低压空气辅助缸内直喷汽油机,运用CFD仿真技术与气道稳流试验相结合对其进气道进行设计.建立了原进气道喷射汽油机进气道的三维仿真模型并进行计算和分析,表明气道流通能力不够强,有强滚流运动;气道内部三维流场分析结果说明部分区域存在气体滞留现象,通过气道稳流试验台对仿真结果进行了验证.根据低压空气辅助直喷汽油机对缸内气流运动特性的要求,在CFD仿真软件中对进气道结构进行了优化,通过调整气门杆附近的截面积、削弱滚流强度,提高了进气道的流通能力,同时改善了局部气流滞留现象.